Encouraging More Chromium Security Research

I don't usually post non-original content here, but in this case I'll make an exception :) Here's one of the things I've been working on over in Chromium land:

http://blog.chromium.org/2010/01/encouraging-more-chromium-security.html

Will you be the first $1337 ?

Posting raw XML cross-domain

I was recently stealing anti-XSRF tokens using the CSS design error I found. In the (unnamed for now) app I was exploiting, all the fun happens in XSRF-protected POST requests with an XML RPC protocol.

If you are good.com, then sending XML to yourself is easy - you can send arbitrary POST payloads using XHR. This of course is not an option from evil.com.

I'll document how I got around it. I didn't see anything similar with a bunch of Google queries, but I somehow doubt it's new. I'm sure I've missed an easier way, too - let me know. (Note that I set myself the goal of not involving plugins).

When submitting a <form> POST, there are three standard form encodings to choose from:

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded - "All characters are encoded before sent (this is default)"


• multipart/form-data - "No characters are encoded. This value is required when you are using forms that have a file upload control"


• text/plain - "Spaces are converted to "+" symbols, but no special characters are encoded"

The first is clearly unsuitable because it does URL encoding. Critical XML characters such as < > " etc. will get mangled. The second sounds ideal because there is no character encoding... but... of course, multi-part POST bodies have the separator lines such as ------WebKitFormBoundary2eC9p3Z2xdIQfdTS, so are useless to us.

The final option will have to do. The encoding of space is not ideal but we could look into using a whitespace-free subset of XML. There's just one catch. The format of the POST body will be a series of name, value pairs:

name1=value1&name2=value2

The trick to save the day here is to use a single name / value pair and abuse the fact that XML is typically full of = characters. So imagine the following XML:

<element attribute="value">node text</element>

Bold and italic are used to show the name used (<element attribute) and the value ("value">node text</element>) respectively. Job done. We could also bury the = in a node value if we didn't want to use attributes.

But wait. The spec for the text/plain encoding type specifies that any spaces will be converted to + symbols. This will wreck the space between element name and attribute name and perhaps spoil our fun. It's now down to how the browsers behave. Curiously, it breaks down to WebKit browsers vs. non-WebKit browsers:

• Opera, IE, Firefox: do not URL encode; do not replace space with +


• Chrome, Safari: do URL encode; do replace space with +

So this trick will work on some browsers but not others. A note on the specifications for this: the most recent document is obviously the HTML5 draft. The relevant section mentions nothing about replacing spaces with + anymore, so either WebKit doesn't support text/plain or it is non-compliant:

http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#plain-text-form-data

Thanks to Michal Zalewski for being around to debate ideas!

"Logout XSRF" - significant web app bug?

[Or "Logout CSRF" for search indexes; I seem to be addicted to the less common acronym ;-)]

Significant? No, of course not. It is a technical integrity violation inflicted upon good.com by evil.com. That's not ideal, and could be an annoyance. But there are some other interesting technicalities that can make it futile to defend against. They include:

• Cookie forcing. A man-in-the-middle attacker can nuke the auth cookie, even though your session is https.


• Cookie bombardment. There is no standard on how a browser should behave when a range of collaborating sites (e.g. *.evil.com) pile a load of cookies on to a browser. kuza55 documents the plausibility of this attack in Firefox and Opera and the Browser Security Handbook also alludes to this in Part2 under the heading "Problems with cookie jar size". Essentially *.evil.com could "LRU-out" the auth cookie of another site. I've not seen a definitive answer to whether IE8 has a global cookie max limit or not. Intriguingly, having one can be a problem as can not having one!